Is autonomous driving the eco-friendly future of urban mobility? Many advocates of this new technology seem to be convinced of it. However, there may be downsides to the use of autonomous vehicles. With the Ecomobility World Festival and Congress 2017 taking place this month in Kaohsiung, URBANET's authors Monika Zimmermann and Michael Glotz-Richter assess the pro and con arguments and call for cities to approach autonomous transport with caution.